Ethical hacking is the authorized practice of testing computer systems, networks, or applications to find security vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them; sometimes referred to as white-hat hackers, ethical hackers play a vital role in keeping sensitive data and digital assets secure from malicious cyber attacks. Unlike black-hat hackers who attack for personal gain, ethical hackers work with permission and follow legal and ethical guidelines. Ethical hackers aim to attack a system in real time to demonstrate weaknesses, assuming they find any, and offer security solutions. Common ethical hacking tools and techniques include penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, social engineering, and system exploitation. The ethical hacking process typically consists of five phases: reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and clearing tracks. Ethical hackers need to have familiarity with a variety of tools, such as Nmap, Metasploit, Wireshark, and Burp Suite. Valid and recognized certifications are CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) and OSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional). Technical skills are important to acquire certification, but the work is closely related to professional, ethical conduct as well, resulting in many ethical hacking opportunities. Although ethical hackers can be employed in many sectors, some of the most desirable include finance, healthcare, and government, where protecting data is paramount. Ethical hacking is critical to prevent breaches or compromise of a system or sensitive data, and masquerading as an ethical hacker helps to build confidence in a connected world. It is a job that balances knowledge and skills with a sense of responsibility.